Description: The purpose of this paper is to examine a special case of option pricing theory in which the insurance company promises the customer to exercise the option for him. This paper presents a simple formula for valuing the option. From the Actuarial Research Clearing House 1991, Vol.1.

Description: This paper studies the joint distribution of the time of ruin, the surplus immediately before ruin, and the deficit at ruin. The classical model is generalized by discounting with respect to the time of ruin. The authors show how to calculate an expected discounted penalty, which is due at ruin, and may depend on the deficit at ruin and the surplus immediately before ruin.

Description: In this paper, the calculation of life insurance functions taking an HIV+ life into consideration is examined. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1989, Vol. 41.

Description: This paper discusses the time value of ruin in a Sparre Anderson Model and presents multiple equations, including Lundberg's fundamental equation.

Description: Actuaries measure, model, and manage risks. Risk associated with the investment function is a major uncertainty faced by many insurance companies. Actuaries should have knowledge of the asset side of the balance sheet of an insurance company and how it relates to the liability side. From Securitization of Insurance Risk: The 1995 Bowles Symposium, M-FI97-1.

Description: In classical collective risk theory, the aggregate claims process is assumed to be compound Poisson. In this paper the authors examine a more general model for the aggregate claims process: processes with independent, stationary and non-negative increments. From Actuarial Research Clearing House 1991, VOL. 1.

Description: This paper discusses the pricing of bond options and interest-sensitive cash flows by discrete state/time models such as binomial lattices. Current binomial models are faulty because the put-call parity relationship may not hold for all periods and there may exist negative interest rates. This paper presents a binomial model without such riskless arbitrage opportunities. This model allows the initial term structure of interest rates to be prescribed exogenously, so that the model price for each stream of fixed and certain cash flows is the market price.

Description: This paper presents a formula for calculating the expected rate of return on shareholders' equity when an insurance company raises capital by issuing subordinated indebtedness. The ROE formula is also applicable to the case of raising capital by issuing nonconvertible preferred shares. From Actuarial Research Clearing House 1991, VOL. 2 .

Description: This paper presents recursion formulas in relation to FAS 87, Employers Accounting for Pensions. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1987, Vol. 39.

Description: This session reviews the past half century's advances in finance such as immunization and hedging theory, modern portfolio theory, capital asset pricing model, option-pricing theory, term structure of interest rate models, and so on. Their application to asset and liability management in insurance and pensions is highlighted and discussed.